So, it’s conclusive – a “standard” size apple tree is not what will be the best choice for your planting. Any other options – how about considering a semi-dwarf tree?
Almost all modern apple varieties in commercial use are propagated as semi-dwarf or dwarf trees. Smaller size trees are easier to manage in an orchard setting and thus in greater demand by growers. Since there is a definite distinction between semi-dwarf trees and dwarf trees, this post will be a discussion of semi-dwarf apple trees.
Rootstocks not produced by germinated seeds are propagated vegetatively. These rootstocks are “clonal” rootstocks. Clonal rootstocks produce smaller trees and sometimes are referred to as “dwarfing” or “size controlling.” Several cloning techniques are used but basically cloning involves cutting back, and/or cutting from a tree to make the tree produce “suckers.” These “suckers” are cut and rooted in sawdust, humus or loose soil. After reaching a certain stage of development, scions are grafted to the rootstock and viola’, a compact alternative to a regular (standard) size tree. This explanation oversimplifies the process for sure, but that’s the general idea.
Semi-dwarf as well as dwarf trees develop from clonal rootstock. A semi-dwarf fruit tree is often used for backyard and commercial plantings. Many nurseries and lawn and garden stores market semi-dwarf apple trees during the spring. With proper pruning and management, semi-dwarf apple trees can grow to about twelve (12) to fifteen (15) feet tall and twelve (12) to fifteen (15) feet wide at maturity. Semi-dwarf trees require annual pruning to maintain a desired height and width. These trees will produce in four to six years after planting and will produce larger crops than a dwarf size tree – about six to ten bushels per tree.
Because the rootstocks of semi-dwarf trees are genetically modified, their root systems are not deep. Semi-dwarf trees need rich, slightly moist but well drained soil and are more prone to fall over in a very windy area. Most semi-dwarf apple trees are not self pollinating and at least two trees will be needed to produce fruit. Choose varieties that bloom at the same time and are classified as good pollinators. Consult with your local nursery for advice regarding pollinators. Semi-dwarf rootstocks from which to choose are MM111, MM106, MM7 and Geneva 30.
If ” April showers bring May flowers,” we are beginning to wonder what these two weeks of March rains will bring other than soggy and very wet ground in the orchards. Pruning is finished and cleanup almost complete but work on hold for awhile as the rains continue. Trees are beginning to “green tip” but not too much Spring push yet as the temperatures have been other than Spring-like. As it looks now, we will have a later bloom period than the past few years.
Up next — discussion of dwarf size trees. Happy Easter!